Comprehensive Analytical Report: Regulatory Framework for Design, Estimates, and Construction Timeline Determination in Ukraine

Purpose and Objectives of the Report

This report is a comprehensive analytical study of the system of official regulatory documents governing key stages of the construction process in Ukraine. The main objective is to create a unified, structured reference resource for construction industry professionals that systematizes knowledge and clarifies the practical application of the regulatory framework in the areas of design, estimate preparation, cost calculation, and construction timeline determination. The report’s task is not only to list and describe key documents such as State Building Standards (GSN) and State Standards of Ukraine (GSTU), but also to provide an in-depth analysis of their hierarchy, interrelationships, and recent changes resulting from industry reform.

Research Relevance

Ukraine’s construction industry is in a state of permanent transformation, driven by several factors. First, systemic reforms aimed at increasing transparency and combating corruption, exemplified by the liquidation of the State Architectural and Construction Inspection (GASI) and the creation of a new supervisory body—the State Inspection of Architecture and Urban Development (GIAU). Second, deep digitalization of processes, with the central element being the implementation of the Unified State Electronic System in Construction (UGESS), which changes the very paradigm of interaction between the state and market participants. Third, challenges related to post-war reconstruction require the creation of maximally transparent and efficient project management mechanisms, reflected in the creation of systems like DREAM. Under these conditions, the regulatory framework undergoes constant changes, requiring all market participants—from investors and developers to engineers and lawyers—to continuously update their knowledge.

Report Structure

The report is built on a logical principle that guides the reader from general regulatory foundations to specific aspects of the construction process. The first section analyzes the hierarchy and structure of the regulatory and legal framework, creating a foundation for understanding the entire system. The following three sections examine in detail three key areas: design and composition of project documentation, pricing and construction cost determination, and regulation of timelines and organization of construction production. The fifth section analyzes practical aspects of regulatory framework application, particularly the role of specialized software. The report concludes with findings and strategic recommendations for construction market participants.

Section 1. Hierarchy and Structure of Regulatory and Legal Framework in Construction

Understanding the multi-level regulatory system is key for any construction activity entity in Ukraine. This system has a clear hierarchy where each level details and specifies the provisions of higher levels, creating a comprehensive mechanism of legal and technical regulation.

1.1. Legislative Foundation: The Hierarchy’s Apex

At the highest level are laws of Ukraine that establish fundamental principles, rights, obligations, and procedures in urban development.

The main framework document is the Law of Ukraine “On Regulation of Urban Development Activities”. It defines the legal and organizational foundations of urban development activities, establishes procedures for planning, development, and other use of territories, and regulates procedures for obtaining permits, performing construction work, and accepting facilities into operation.

However, from a technical regulation perspective, the key role is played by the Law of Ukraine “On Building Standards” No. 1704-VI. This law is fundamental because it grants building standards (GSN) the status of a technical regulatory act establishing mandatory requirements for the object of standardization. This means that GSN provisions are not recommendations but are mandatory for all urban development entities. The law also establishes key principles of state policy in the sphere of standardization:

1. Creating safe conditions for human life and health.
2. Openness and transparency of the procedure for developing and approving standards.
3. Accessibility of information about current building standards (implemented through their mandatory publication on official websites of standardization entities).
4. Compliance of standards with the current level of science, technology, and legislative requirements.

1.2. Subordinate Acts: Implementation Mechanisms

To specify and implement legal provisions, subordinate regulatory acts adopted by executive authorities are used.

Resolutions and Orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine detail procedural aspects established by laws. For example, Resolution No. 461 of April 13, 2011, defines the detailed procedure for acceptance of completed construction facilities into operation, while Resolution No. 466 of April 13, 2011, establishes the list and procedure for performing preparatory and construction work. These documents are mandatory for implementation and constitute the second most important level in the regulatory hierarchy.

Orders of relevant ministries, primarily the Ministry of Development of Communities, Territories and Infrastructure of Ukraine (Ministry of Reconstruction), are the main tool for approving and implementing specific technical documents—GSN, GSTU, as well as various methodologies and guidelines. A striking example is Order No. 281 of November 1, 2021, which cancelled an entire series of pricing standards and approved the unified “Guide for Determining Construction Costs.”

1.3. System of Technical Regulatory Documents

This level includes documents containing specific technical requirements, rules, and standards whose mandatory nature is determined by legislation.

State Building Standards (GSN) are the foundation of technical regulation. These are mandatory documents regulating all aspects of construction activity: from engineering surveys and design to construction organization and acceptance into operation. GSN are classified using letter indices denoting their scope of application:

• A — organizational-methodological, economic, and general technical standards (e.g., GSN A.2.2-3 “Composition and Content of Project Documentation for Construction”).
• B — standards in urban development (e.g., GSN B.2.2-12 “Planning and Development of Territories”).
• V — technical standards (e.g., GSN V.2.6-31 “Thermal Insulation and Energy Efficiency of Buildings”).

State Standards of Ukraine (GSTU) in construction, having index “B”, play a supporting role. Unlike GSN, their application is often voluntary. However, GSTU becomes mandatory in two cases: if there is a direct reference to it in the text of GSN or other legislative act, or if its application is provided for by agreement between construction participants.

Industry Building Standards (OBN) and other documents (technical conditions (TU), obsolete Soviet SNiP and GOST) occupy the lowest level in the hierarchy. OBN are developed for specific industries in the absence of corresponding GSN. Soviet standards are gradually being withdrawn, losing force as they are replaced by modern GSN and GSTU, although some may still be in effect.

1.4. Key State Bodies and Their Powers

The effectiveness of the regulatory system is ensured by the activities of authorized state bodies.

The Ministry of Development of Communities, Territories and Infrastructure of Ukraine (Ministry of Reconstruction) is the central executive body forming and implementing state policy in construction. Its key powers include developing and approving state building standards and other key regulatory documents determining the industry’s technical policy.

The State Inspection of Architecture and Urban Development (GIAU) is the central executive body implementing state policy on state architectural and construction control and supervision. Created to replace GASI, GIAU is responsible for checking compliance with legislation, building standards, and regulations at all construction stages, from issuing permits to accepting facilities into operation.

The creation of GIAU and simultaneous implementation of the Unified State Electronic System in Construction (UGESS) is a manifestation of systematic state policy aimed at overcoming corruption risks and increasing industry transparency. Historically, the construction sector was associated with non-transparent procedures, creating grounds for abuse. The “reset” of the control system through creating a new body (GIAU) and implementing a unified digital platform (UGESS) are two sides of the same coin. UGESS is not just an electronic library of current standards, but an interactive management system where every document, permit, or action is recorded and traceable. This transition from fragmented paper control to an integrated digital ecosystem is strategic. For market participants, this, on one hand, simplifies access to information and procedures, and on the other, significantly strengthens control and makes activity outside the legal field impossible. Success in modern conditions increasingly depends on companies’ ability to effectively work in this new digital environment. The next logical step in this direction is the DREAM system, oriented toward reconstruction process management, where transparency and accountability requirements, especially from international partners, are maximum.

Section 2. Regulatory Framework for Design and Project Documentation Composition

Design is the first and one of the most important stages of the investment cycle in construction. It is at this stage that all main architectural, structural, technological, and economic solutions are established, determining the future characteristics of the facility. The quality and completeness of project documentation directly affect safety, reliability, cost, and construction timelines.

2.1. Fundamental Document: GSN A.2.2-3:2014 “Composition and Content of Project Documentation for Construction”

The central regulatory document governing the design sphere is GSN A.2.2-3:2014. It establishes unified requirements for the composition and content of project documentation for new construction, reconstruction, major repairs, and technical re-equipment of buildings, structures, and linear engineering and transport infrastructure facilities.

The document provides definitions of key concepts such as “project documentation”—approved text and graphic materials defining all key solutions and estimates for construction objects. It also introduces concepts of “construction stage” and “startup complex,” allowing implementation of large projects in phases.

One of the fundamental requirements of GSN is that project documentation must comply with current legislation, urban planning documentation (general plans, detailed territorial plans), as well as other building standards and regulations. The inadmissibility of developing project documentation without preliminary engineering surveys according to GSN A.2.1-1 is especially emphasized, ensuring consideration of geological and geodetic site conditions.

This GSN is a “living” document that is periodically updated. Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2 introduced significant corrections, updating references to new standards (e.g., GSN V.1.1-7:2016 “Fire Safety of Construction Objects”) and excluding outdated ones.

2.2. Design Stages: From Concept to Working Drawings

GSN A.2.2-3:2014 establishes several possible stages of project documentation development, the choice of which depends on the consequence class (responsibility) and facility complexity.

1. TEO/TER (Technical-Economic Justification/Calculation): This is a pre-project stage whose main goal is to determine technical feasibility and economic viability of project implementation. TEO is developed for industrial facilities and linear objects requiring detailed investment justification. TER is its abbreviated version. TEO/TER composition includes initial data, project capacity justification, engineering survey data, environmental impact assessment materials, fundamental technological and architectural solutions, as well as preliminary cost and construction timeline calculations.
2. EP (Sketch Project): Developed for fundamental determination of urban planning, architectural, artistic, environmental, and functional requirements for the facility. EP provides a preliminary understanding of the facility’s appearance and layout before developing more detailed stages.
3. P (Project): This is the main approved design stage for facilities of significant consequence class (CC2, CC3). At this stage, all urban planning, architectural, structural, technological, and engineering solutions are developed in detail, and a consolidated estimated cost calculation is prepared. It is the “P” stage that undergoes comprehensive expertise and is approved by the customer, after which it becomes the basis for developing working documentation.
4. RP (Working Project): This stage combines the approved part (similar in composition to stage “P”) and working documentation. RP is developed for technically simple facilities (predominantly consequence class CC1) or when using repeat-use projects. This allows shortening the overall design cycle.
5. RD (Working Documentation): This is a set of detailed drawings, specifications, and other documents developed based on the approved stage “P” (or included in RP composition). Working documentation is issued to the construction site and used directly for construction and installation work.

2.3. Design Requirements: Transition to New Standards

Design documentation formatting rules are no less important than content, as they ensure unity, readability, and unambiguity of technical solutions. Until recently, the main document in this sphere was GSTU B A.2.4-4:2009 “Basic Requirements for Project and Working Documentation.”

However, from April 1, 2024, a whole series of new national standards GSTU 9243:2023 was introduced to replace this outdated standard. This is not just a technical update but a strategic paradigm shift in Ukrainian design. The key document of the new series is GSTU 9243.4:2023 “Construction Project Documentation System. Basic Requirements for Project Documentation.” It establishes current requirements for documentation composition, completion, execution, and formatting.

Importantly, the new standards directly account for modern digital workflows. They contain references to ISO 19650 series standards concerning information organization and Building Information Modeling (BIM). This indicates harmonization of the national regulatory framework with advanced international practices. BIM technology implementation is becoming a global standard, and creating an appropriate legal framework in Ukraine is a necessary step for integration into the global construction market. This transition signals to design organizations the urgent need to invest in modern software, personnel training, and internal process restructuring. Companies ignoring this trend risk losing competitiveness, especially when working on complex projects or projects with foreign investment.

Rules for executing specific documentation sections are detailed in other series standards, for example, GSTU 9243.7:2023 establishes rules for executing architectural-construction working drawings.

2.4. Specialized Standards and Expertise

Besides general rules, there are highly specialized standards regulating design of individual structure types. An example is GSTU 9286:2024 “Rules for Executing Project and Working Documentation of Metal Building Structures,” which establishes detailed requirements for composition and formatting of drawings marked KM (metal structures) and KMD (detailed metal structures), including when using BIM.

The final stage of project documentation development before approval is expertise. Its procedure is regulated by GSTU 8907:2019 “Guide for Organizing Project Documentation Expertise for Construction.” Expertise verifies project compliance with strength, reliability, durability, fire safety, sanitary standards, and other mandatory parameters. A positive expert conclusion is grounds for project approval by the customer and obtaining rights to perform construction work.

Section 3. Pricing and Construction Cost Determination

The pricing system is one of the most complex and dynamic elements of regulatory framework in construction. It determines the methodology for calculating construction work costs at all stages of the investment process—from preparing investor estimate documentation to conducting mutual settlements for completed work.

3.1. Pricing Reform: “Guide for Determining Construction Costs”

For a long time, the pricing system was based on DBN D.1.1-1-2000, which was subsequently replaced by DSTU B D.1.1-1:2013 “Rules for Determining Construction Costs.” This system was based on numerous related standards regulating determination of individual cost components.

A cardinal reform occurred on November 1, 2021, when Order of the Ministry of Regional Development No. 281 cancelled the entire previous system of pricing standards (including DSTU B D.1.1-1:2013 and a series of related DSTU-N) and introduced a unified comprehensive document—Estimate Standards of Ukraine “Guide for Determining Construction Costs.”

This “Guide” became the main document regulating pricing. Its application is mandatory for all facilities built with budget funds, funds of state and municipal enterprises, as well as loans under state guarantees. For facilities financed from other sources, applying the “Guide” is contractual, but in practice it remains the de facto standard for the entire industry.

3.2. Change Dynamics: Analysis of “Guide” Updates

The transition to the “Guide” format, approved by ministerial order, allowed the regulator to respond much more rapidly to economic challenges and market changes. The static model of “standards for years” proved ineffective under conditions of high inflation and resource price volatility, characteristic of the Ukrainian economy, especially under martial law. The new “living document” model allows flexible adaptation of pricing rules. In a short period, the “Guide” underwent four significant updates.

1. Amendment No. 1 (Order No. 67 of April 30, 2022): Introduced several technical clarifications, particularly equating the status of Ukrainian organization standards (SOU) on pricing issues to industry regulatory documents, expanding tools for developing estimate standards.
2. Amendment No. 2 (Order No. 244 of December 1, 2022): Came into force on January 1, 2023, and continued the methodology improvement process.
3. Amendment No. 3 (Order No. 854 of September 22, 2023): Became a landmark step as it supplemented the “Guide” with new Section VIII, regulating cost determination for “design-build” type contracts. This indicates legitimization and regulatory settlement of modern, more integrated project implementation models common in world practice.
4. Amendment No. 4 (Order No. 243 of March 20, 2024): Became a direct response to economic instability. It introduced a mechanism for accounting in contract prices for funds to cover additional expenses related to inflationary processes, calculated based on forecast indices. This made pricing more realistic and reduced risks for contractors.

Such high change dynamics requires estimate engineers not just to know basic standards but also constantly monitor Ministry of Reconstruction orders.

3.3. Estimate Documentation Structure

The “Guide” defines a clear estimate documentation structure that accompanies the project at different stages.

1. Investor estimate documentation is prepared at the design stage and serves as the basis for determining capital investment limits, investment planning, and conducting tender procedures.
2. Primary estimate documents are local estimates prepared for individual work types based on volumes determined by the project and resource element estimate standards (REES).
3. Data from local estimates are summarized in object estimates (for individual objects—buildings, structures).
4. The apex of investor documentation is the consolidated estimate calculation of construction costs, which determines the full facility cost, including construction work, equipment costs, and all other related expenses.
5. At the contract signing stage between customer and contractor, the contract price is formed. It can be firm (fixed) or dynamic (approximate), allowing adjustment during work execution under conditions defined in the contract.
6. Mutual settlements for actually performed work are conducted based on Construction Work Acceptance Acts (standard form No. KB-2v) and Reports on Cost of Performed Construction Work and Expenses (standard form No. KB-3).

3.4. Cost Component Calculation Methodology

Construction cost consists of several key elements whose calculation methodology is detailed in the “Guide.”

1. Direct costs are the foundation of construction work costs. They include:
   • Basic wages of workers
   • Cost of materials, products, and structures
   • Cost of construction machinery and equipment operation
2. General production expenses are expenses for organizing, managing, and servicing construction production (e.g., wages of administrative-technical personnel of sections, depreciation and repair of production equipment).
3. Administrative expenses are general economic expenses related to managing the construction organization as a whole.
4. Estimate profit are funds intended for production development and material incentives for contractor organization employees. Its size is usually determined as a percentage of certain expense items.
5. Other expenses include funds for erecting and dismantling temporary buildings and structures, additional expenses when performing work in winter, travel expenses, and other specific needs not accounted for by previous items.

3.5. Related Services Cost

Besides construction work costs, the regulatory framework also regulates determination of related services costs. Order No. 281, together with the “Guide for Determining Construction Costs,” also approved the “Guide for Determining the Cost of Design, Scientific-Design, Survey Work and Project Documentation Expertise for Construction,” which replaced DSTU B D.1.1-7:2013. This document establishes rules for calculating costs of design organization and expert institution services.

Section 4. Timeline Regulation and Construction Production Organization

Determining realistic construction timelines and proper organization of construction production are critically important factors for successful implementation of any investment project. Ukraine’s regulatory framework contains specialized documents regulating these aspects.

4.1. Construction Duration Determination: DSTU B A.3.1-22:2013

The main document establishing recommendations for construction duration determination is DSTU B A.3.1-22:2013 “Determining Construction Object Duration.” This standard was developed to replace the obsolete Soviet standard SNiP 1.04.03-85* and is intended for use at all design stages.

The standard introduces key concepts:

1. Construction duration: Time period from start to completion of construction work, determined according to DBN A.3.1-5 requirements.
2. Directive construction duration: Duration established by the customer, achievement of which may require special organizational-technological measures.
3. Critical path: Maximum duration sequence of work in a network schedule that determines the minimum possible total construction time.

4.2. Duration Calculation Methods

The standard offers a differentiated approach to timeline determination that accounts for the degree of initial data detail at different design stages. This illustrates the iterative nature of planning, built on the “general to specific” principle.

1. At early stages (TEO, TER, EP): When detailed work volumes are still unknown, the standard allows determining construction duration using averaged indicators provided in document appendices. These indicators are based on statistical data from constructed analog objects. If object characteristics differ from tabular values, linear interpolation or extrapolation methods are applied for timeline adjustment. This preliminary method allows investors to get quick assessments for financial modeling but is not final.
2. At stages P and RP: After developing detailed design solutions and determining exact work volumes, construction duration must be justified by developing a detailed construction schedule. This plan is a mandatory part of the Construction Organization Project (COP). Calculation is based on work labor intensity (person-days), construction machinery productivity, technological sequence of process execution, and possibilities for their combination. This detailed calculation is the basis for work planning and financing.

General construction duration, according to DSTU and DBN A.3.1-5, is divided into two main periods: preparatory (fence installation, temporary roads, utility networks, demolition of existing structures) and main (execution of main construction and installation work). Preparatory period duration usually ranges from 10% to 20% of total duration.

4.3. Construction Production Organization: DBN A.3.1-5:2016

If DSTU B A.3.1-22:2013 answers the question “how long?”, then DBN A.3.1-5:2016 “Construction Production Organization” answers the question “how exactly?”. This DBN establishes general requirements for organizing the entire construction process, including:

1. Construction production preparation (both general and specific object preparation)
2. Design-technological documentation development
3. Construction production management
4. Material-technical supply and mechanization
5. Work organization and safety
6. Environmental protection during construction

4.4. Design-Technological Documentation

DBN A.3.1-5:2016 defines the composition of key design-technological documentation that serves as the basis for planning and managing construction work.

1. Construction Organization Project (COP): This is a mandatory section of project documentation (stages P or RP) developed by the general design organization. COP contains comprehensive solutions for organizing construction of the entire facility or its stage. Its composition includes construction schedule, construction master plan, work volume statements, resource requirements, and other documents defining the overall project implementation strategy.
2. Work Execution Project (WEP): Usually developed by the general contracting organization (or subcontractors for their work types) based on COP. WEP details COP solutions regarding specific conditions and work execution methods. It contains detailed work execution schedules, operational quality control schemes, safety solutions, and specific technological maps for executing complex processes. WEP is the main document for direct work management at the construction site.

Section 5. Practical Aspects and Tools

Effective application of the complex and dynamic regulatory framework described in previous sections is impossible without using modern automation tools. Specialized software plays a key role in ensuring calculation accuracy, time savings, and, most importantly, compliance with current legislative requirements.

5.1. Estimate Calculation Automation

Ukraine has a developed market of software complexes (SC) for automating estimate calculations. These programs integrate current regulatory databases (REES, averaged indicators, indices) and implement the methodology laid out in the “Guide for Determining Construction Costs.”

1. AVK-5: One of the oldest and most widespread software complexes on the market. Its advantage is an extremely large regulatory database including not only state but also numerous departmental standards (Ministry of Industrial Policy, Ukravtodor, State Water Committee, etc.), making it indispensable for working with specific objects. The program allows automating cost determination for new construction, reconstruction, and repairs, focusing on current standards.
2. “Construction Technologies: Estimate 8”: A more modern software complex emphasizing integration with digital services. It allows not only creating estimate documentation but also integrating with the CheckPrice material price monitoring service, “On Time.EDM” electronic document management system, and “BUDSTANDART” information reference system. An important advantage is the availability of cloud version “Estimate 8 Online” and possibility of integration with BIM platforms (Revit, Allplan) for automated work volume extraction from 3D models.
3. “Expert-Estimate”: Another popular software product providing full functionality for preparing estimates according to Ukrainian standards.

Besides main complexes, there are more niche solutions, for example, “AS-4 PIR+” or “Estimate PIR”, which specialize in calculating design and survey work costs.

Using such software complexes is not just a matter of convenience. Under conditions where pricing regulatory framework is updated several times per year, manual calculation becomes practically impossible and extremely risky. Software developers take on the function of constantly monitoring legislative changes and promptly updating their products. Thus, timely updating of licensed software becomes a critically important element of risk management and ensuring compliance with legislative requirements, especially when working with budget funds. Modern estimate engineer qualification is determined not only by methodology knowledge but also by ability to effectively use these digital tools.

5.2. Regulatory Document Interrelationships: Comprehensive Approach

Regulatory framework analysis shows that all documents are closely interconnected and form a unified logical system. Ignoring one element of this system inevitably leads to errors in another. For example:

1. Consequence class of an object, determined according to DSTU 8855:2019, directly affects design staging requirements established in DBN A.2.2-3:2014.
2. Chosen design staging determines the level of initial data detail for calculating construction timelines according to DSTU B A.3.1-22:2013.
3. Detailed schedule developed as part of COP is the basis for calculating certain expense items in estimate documentation (e.g., winter cost increase duration), regulated by the “Guide for Determining Construction Costs.”

This demonstrates the need for a comprehensive approach to regulatory framework application. Successful construction project implementation requires all participants—customer, design organization, contractor—to have deep understanding not of individual documents but of the entire system in its integrity and interrelationships. Conducting comprehensive regulatory audit at early design stages allows avoiding significant errors, financial losses, and project implementation delays at later stages.

Conclusions and Recommendations

The conducted research on the regulatory framework governing design, estimates, and construction timeline determination in Ukraine allows us to draw several generalizing conclusions and formulate strategic recommendations for market participants.

Key Trends Summary

The regulatory system of Ukraine’s construction industry is in a state of deep transformation, with the main vectors being:

1. Digitalization and Transparency: The creation of DIAM and implementation of EDESSS marks a strategic shift from paper-based, fragmented control to an integrated digital ecosystem. This increases transparency while simultaneously strengthening control and requirements for digital literacy among market participants.
2. Harmonization with International Standards: The replacement of outdated standards with new ones that account for modern approaches, particularly BIM technologies (as in the DSTU 9243:2023 series), demonstrates a course toward integration with European and global practices.
3. Adaptive Pricing Regulation: The transition from static standards to the flexible “Guidelines for Determining Construction Costs,” which is promptly updated through ministerial orders, is a response to economic instability and allows for more adequate response to market challenges such as inflation.
4. Iterative Planning: The regulatory framework establishes a sequential “general to specific” planning approach, where preliminary calculations in early stages are necessarily detailed as the project develops, which is an important element of risk management.
5. Critical Role of Software: Given the complexity and dynamism of the regulatory framework, especially in pricing, specialized software transforms from a convenience tool into a key element of compliance assurance and risk management.

Main Challenges for Market Participants

The primary challenges facing businesses in the construction sector are the need for constant monitoring of numerous and rapid legislative changes, as well as the requirement for significant investments in technological upgrades (transition to BIM, licensed software) and staff training to work under new conditions.

Strategic Recommendations

For Developers and Clients:

1. Implement mandatory comprehensive regulatory audit procedures at pre-project and early project stages to identify potential risks and select optimal project implementation strategies.
2. When concluding contracts, clearly define the application of current versions of regulatory documents, especially the “Guidelines for Determining Construction Costs,” and provide mechanisms for cost adjustment considering inflation processes.

For Design Organizations:

1. Develop and implement a roadmap for accelerated transition to BIM technologies and work according to the new DSTU 9243:2023 standards series.
2. Invest in continuous staff development, focusing on digital tools and new regulatory requirements.

For Contracting Organizations:

1. Create an internal monitoring system for Ministry of Restoration orders to track changes in the “Guidelines for Determining Construction Costs.”
2. Use exclusively licensed and timely updated estimating software as the primary tool for preparing contract prices and work completion certificates.

Regulatory Framework Development Forecast

We can expect that in the coming years, the trend toward deeper digitalization will continue through expanding EDESSS functionality. The gradual implementation of mandatory BIM mandates for state-funded construction projects is likely. The process of harmonizing Ukrainian norms with European ones will also continue, particularly through broader implementation of Eurocodes and adaptation of corresponding standards.